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The universe might not recognize the size difference between this... |
The field of particle physics is at a standstill. The problem, in a nutshell, is this: the particles we all know are very light, but physicists predict that there are unknown particles associated with gravity that are much heavier. About a billion billion times heavier. This isn't right, especially in this field. The Higgs Boson, the particle that is surmised to give all other particles mass, should be heavier because of these Planck mass particles, and should also drag the weight of standard particles up as well. But this isn't the case.
To get around this problem, scientists came up with supersymmetry, the idea being that every particle has a slightly heavier twin, and when a Higgs boson meets a pair, the masses cancel out, and the Higgs stays light. Supersymmetry isn't working either, unfortunately. Scientists have yet to find a partner particle, and it's been decades since they were first theorized. Because supersymmetry seems to be a dead end, scientists have all but given up on it, which has given credence to the multiverse theory. Why? Because the observed properties of the Higgs are so improbable that the universe we observe must not be the only one. There must be other universes with Higgs bosons with different properties, properties that don't give atoms the ability to form. Not the multiverse idea most people have, but a bleak, empty multiverse that seems to elude understanding. This isn't what scientists want to hear.
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...and this. |
There are new theories in the works, but they are still in the early stages. Most of them focus around scale symmetry, which, if anything, is even weirder than everything I've just talked about. The idea is that the universe fundamentally lacks scale, and that the universe doesn't know the concept of mass or length. This article was a challenge to read, and this part is where it really gets tough to understand. I guess all the average person needs to know is that it could fix the Higgs problem, and it gets rid of the multiverse theory. We'll have to see where that takes us, but really, there doesn't seem to be any other direction for physicists to take.
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